Pedro Pacheco de Villena (29 June 14885 March 1560), also known as Pedro Pacheco Ladrón de Guevara, was a Spanish cardinal and

viceroy of Naples This is a list of viceroys of the Kingdom of Naples. Following the conquest of Naples by Louis XII of France in 1501, Naples was subject to the rule of the foreign rulers, the Kings of France, Aragon and Spain and the Habsburg Archdukes of Austria ...

. In Italian his name is spelled Pietro Pacecco. His nephew

Francisco Pacheco de Toledo Francisco Pacheco de Toledo (1508 – 23 August 1579) was a Spanish Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal. Life Pacheco was born in Ciudad Rodrigo. He was admitted to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and Philip II of Spa ...

was also a cardinal.

Biography

Pedro Pacheco de Villena was the son of Alfonso Tellez Giron, son of Martin Vazquez de Acuña and Maria Teresa Giron, heiress of her House. His uncle was Marques de Villena. He studied at

Salamanca Salamanca () is a city in western Spain and is the capital of the Province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile and León. The city lies on several rolling hills by the Tormes River. Its Old City was declared a UNESCO World Herit ...

. He was a chamberlain of

Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI ( it, Alessandro VI, va, Alexandre VI, es, Alejandro VI; born Rodrigo de Borja; ca-valencia, Roderic Llançol i de Borja ; es, Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja, lang ; 1431 – 18 August 1503) was head of the Catholic Churc ...

and followed him to Rome in 1522. He worked in several offices for the Roman Curia, notably as referendary at the

Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura () is the highest judicial authority in the Catholic Church (apart from the pope himself, who as supreme ecclesiastical judge is the final point of appeal for any ecclesiastical judgment). In additio ...

. He was Dean of Santiago Cathedral and Archdeacon of

Valpuesta Valpuesta (Latin ''Valliposita'' or ''Valle Conposita'') was a Catholic diocese in Castile in northern Spain. Today it is a titular see. History According to unreliable documents in the cartularies of Valpuesta, the diocese was established in ...

Charles V Charles V may refer to: * Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558) * Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain * Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise * Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690) * Infan ...

made him visitor to the chancellery of

Valladolid Valladolid () is a municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the province of the same name. It has a population around 300,000 peop ...

and of

Granada Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...

. He was appointed

bishop of Mondoñedo A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

(Mindionensis) in Galicia and was confirmed by Pope Paul III (Farnese) on 6 September, 1532, and was later translated to the diocese of

Ciudad Rodrigo Ciudad Rodrigo () is a small cathedral city in the province of Salamanca, in western Spain, with a population in 2016 of 12,896. It is also the seat of a judicial district. The site of Ciudad Rodrigo, perched atop a rocky rise on the right ban ...

, with the consent of Pope Paul given in Consistory on 11 April, 1537. He was named Bishop of

Pamplona Pamplona (; eu, Iruña or ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. It is also the third-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region. Lying at near above ...

by the Emperor, an appointment confirmed by Pope Paul III in consistory on 21 May, 1539. Pacheco took possession of his diocese by proxy of Dr. Martinez y Gaspar Lizano on 10 July, 1539. He finally appeared personally to be enthroned on 14 March, 1540. He carried out a visitation of the cathedral chapter of Pamplona. After a year of opposition and obfuscation, an agreement between the bishop and canons was reached on 14 April, 1541, for the enforcement of the regulation of the canons. In August 1544, the bishop convoked a synod for his diocese, the thirteenth in the diocese's history. He established the custom of holding annual processions on Corpus Christi and its Octave, Easter day, the Feast of S. Augustine and the Feast of S. Francis. At the conclusion of the synod, the Emperor summoned Pacheco to service at Court. The Emperor appointed him Bishop of Jaén, but not for the benefit of the people of that diocese. The Emperor wanted Bishop Pacheco as his agent at the Papal Court. The new diocese gave Pacheco the status and the financial resources to carry out his mission in Rome. Jaen would be ruled by a governor and provisor in the name of the bishop. The bishop turned over the administration of his diocese to a vicar, Gabriel de Guevara, on 3 January, 1545. Later, on 30 April, 1554, he became Bishop of

Sigüenza Sigüenza () is a city in the Serranía de Guadalajara comarca, Province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. History The site of the ancient ''Segontia'' ('dominating over the valley') of the Celtiberian Arevaci, now called ('old to ...

(Segontia), a post he held until his death in 1560. He also took part in the

council of Trent The Council of Trent ( la, Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento, Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italian Peninsula, Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation ...

and was the first to address the issue of the

Immaculate Conception The Immaculate Conception is the belief that the Virgin Mary was free of original sin from the moment of her conception. It is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church, meaning that it is held to be a divinely revealed truth w ...

of the Virgin Mary. Bishop Pedro Pacheco de Villena was made a cardinal by

Pope Paul III Pope Paul III ( la, Paulus III; it, Paolo III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in November 1549. He came to ...

at the consistory of 16 December 1545. He took part in the 1549–50 conclave which elected Cardinal Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte as

Pope Julius III Pope Julius III ( la, Iulius PP. III; it, Giulio III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in March 155 ...

. In 1553 Cardinal Pacheco was made

by Charles V. He served from 1553 to 1555, until the election of Pope Paul IV (Carafa). He did not take part in the first conclave of 1555 which elected Cardinal Marcello Cervini as

pope Marcellus II Pope Marcellus II ( it, Marcello II; 6 May 1501 – 1 May 1555), born Marcello Cervini degli Spannocchi, was a Papalini Catholic prelate who served as head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 April 1555 until h ...

. He was present, however, at the second conclave of 1555 which elected Gian Pietro Carafa of Naples as

pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV, born Gian Pietro Carafa, C.R. ( la, Paulus IV; it, Paolo IV; 28 June 1476 – 18 August 1559) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 May 1555 to his death in August 1559. While serving as pa ...

, On 20 September, 1557, he opted for the Order of Cardinal Bishops and was promoted to the See of Albano, which had become vacant with the promotion of Cardinal Francesco Pisano to the See of Tusculum. It is said that Pope Paul IV granted his request while passing over that of Cardinal Georges d'Armagnac, who was senior to Cardinal Pacheco by a year. Unfortunately, during his administration of the diocese, the territory of Albano was devastated by armies for two years running during the war between Pope Paul IV (who had once been Bishop of Albano) and the Spanish Imperial forces under the command of Fernando of Toledo, Duque de Alba. He took part in the conclave of 1559 which elected Cardinal Giovanni Angelo de' Medici as

pope Pius IV Pope Pius IV ( it, Pio IV; 31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 December 1559 to his death in December 1565. Born in Milan, his family considered ...

. In the same year he was made one of the six Cardinal Inquisitors of the tribunal of the Universal and Roman Inquisition in Rome by Pius IV. He died in his palazzo in Rome, suddenly (''subito ex accidenti''), on 5 March, 1560. He was buried in the Church of S. Maria in Aracoeli on 13 March, 1560. His body was later transferred to the Puebla de Montalban, where it was interred in the Convent of the Franciscans (S. Chiara), which he had founded.Juan F. Rivarola y Pineda, ''Monarquia Española, Blason de su Nobleza'' Volume 1 (Madrid 1736), p. 261. F. Ughelli and N. Colet, Italia sacra I (Venice 1717), p. 274.

References

Sources

* Angel Martín González, ''El cardenal don Pedro Pacheco, obispo de Jaén, en el Concilio de Trento : (un prelado que personificó la política imperial de Carlos V)'' (Jaén : Instituto de Estudios Giennenses, Excma. Diputación Provincial, 1974). {{DEFAULTSORT:Pacheco De Villena, Pedro 1488 births 1560 deaths 16th-century Spanish cardinals Bishops of Jaén Bishops of Sigüenza Bishops of Pamplona Viceroys of Naples University of Salamanca alumni University of Salamanca faculty